[1]
ظَلَمَ , aor.
ظَلِمَ , has for its inf. n.
ظَلْمٌ, (M,
Msb, K, and so in some copies of the S,) or
↓
ظُلْمٌ, (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (T,)
or the latter is a simple subst., (T, M, Msb, TA,)
which is put in the place of the inf. n., (TA,
[and the same is indicated in the T and K by the
saying that the proper inf. n. is with fet-h,]) and
↓
مَظْلِمَةٌ, (S, TA,) or this is likewise a simple
subst., (Msb,) and ↓
مَظْلَمَةٌ, [or this also is a
simple subst.,] and ↓
ظِلَامٌ also is said to be an
inf. n. like
ظُلْمٌ, these two being like
لِبَاسٌ and
لُبْسٌ, [or it is a simple subst. like as
ظُلْمٌ is said
to be, or it is an inf. n. of 3, as such occurring in
the middle of this paragraph,] or, accord. to Kr,
it is pl. of
ظُلْمٌ [like as
رِمَاحٌ is pl. of
رُمْحٌ]:
(TA:) [
ظَلَمَ when intrans. generally means
He
did wrong; or
acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or
tyrannically: and when trans.,
he
wronged; or
treated, or
used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or
tyrannically; or
he misused:] accord. to most of the lexicologists, (Er-Rághib, TA,) primarily, (As, T, S, Msb,) ↓
الظُّلْمُ
signifies
the putting a thing in a place not its
own; putting it in a wrong place; misplacing it:
(As, T, S, M, Er-Rághib, Msb, K:) and it is
by exceeding or
by falling short, or
by deviating
from the proper time and place: (Er-Rághib,
TA:) or
the acting in whatsoever way one pleases
in the disposal of the property of another: and
the transgressing the proper limit: (El-Munáwee,
TA:) [i. e.]
the transgressing the proper limit
much or
little: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or, accord. to
some, it primarily signifies
النَّقْص [as meaning
the making to suffer loss, or
detriment]: (MF,
TA:) and it is said to be of three kinds,
between
man and God, and
between man and man, and
between a man and himself; every one of which
three is really
لِلنَّفْسِ [i. e.
a wrongdoing to oneself]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [when it is used as a
simple subst.,] the pl. of
ظُلْمٌ, accord. to Kr. is
ظِلَامٌ, as mentioned above, and ↓
ظُلَامٌ, with
damm, is said to be syn. with
ظُلْمٌ, or a pl. thereof,
[of an extr. form, commonly regarded as that of
a quasi-pl. n.,] like
رُخَالٌ. (TA.) One says,
مَنِ ٱسْتَرْعَى الذِّئْبَ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ [
He who asks, or
desires, the wolf to keep guard surely does wrong,
or
puts a thing in a wrong place]: a prov. (S,
Msb.) And
مَنْ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, (As, T, S,) a
prov., meaning [
Whoso resembles his father in a
quality, or an attribute,]
he has not put the likeness
in a wrong place. (As, T. [See art.
شبه.])
وَلَمْ
تَظْلِمْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا, in the Kur [xviii. 31], means
وَلَمْ تَنْقُصْ [i. e.
And made not aught thereof to
suffer loss, or
detriment]: (M, K:) and in like
manner Fr explains the saying in the Kur [ii. 54
and vii. 160],
وَمَا ظَلَمُونَا وَلٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ
يَظْلِمُونَ And they made not us to suffer loss, or
detriment, by that which they did,
but themselves
they made to suffer loss, or
detriment: (T, TA:) in
which sense it seems to be indicated in the A that
the verb is tropical. (TA.) ―
2-b2- It is also trans.
by means of
بِ; as in the phrase in the Kur [vii.
101 and xvii. 61]
فَظَلَمُوا بِهَا, because the meaning is
كَفَرُوا [i. e.
And they disbelieved in them],
referring to the
آيَات [or
signs]; (M, TA; *) the
verb having this meaning tropically or by implication; or being thus made trans. because implying the meaning of
التَّكْذِيب: or [the meaning
is, and
they wronged themselves, or the people,
because of them; for], as some say, the
ب is
causative, and the objective complement, i. e.
أَنْفُسَهُمْ, or
النَّاسَ, is suppressed. (TA.) ―
2-b3- And
it is doubly trans. by itself: (TA:) one says,
ظَلَمَهُ حَقَّهُ [
He made him to suffer loss, or
detriment, of his right, or
due; or
defrauded, or
despoiled, or
deprived, him of it]; and
تظلّمهُ ↓
حَقَّهُ:
(M, K:) [and] you say,
تَظَلَّمَنِى ↓
فُلَانٌ, [as
well as
تظلّمنى مَالِى, occurring in a verse cited
in the M,] meaning
ظَلَمَنِى مَالِى [i. e.
Such a one
caused me to suffer loss, &c.,
of my property].
(S.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 44],
إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ لَا
يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, for
لَا يَظْلِمُهُمْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةِ, and the
verb is made doubly trans. because the meaning
is
لَا يَسْلُبُهُمْ [i. e.
Verily God will not despoil
them, or
deprive them, of the weight of one of the
smallest of ants, or
a grub of an ant, &c.]: or
مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ, may be put in the place of the inf. n.,
for
ظَلْمًا حَقِيرًا كَمِثْقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ [i. e.
with a paltry
spoliation or
deprivation, such as the weight of one of
the smallest of ants, &c.]. (M.) ―
2-b4- One says also,
أَرَادَ ظِلَامَهُ and
مُظَالَمَتَهُ, [these two nouns being
inf. ns. of ↓
ظَالَمَهُ, or the former, as mentioned
above, is, accord. to some, an inf. n. of
ظَلَمَ,]
meaning
ظُلْمَهُ or
ظَلْمَهُ [i. e.
He desired the
wronging, &c.,
of him]. (M, K.) ―
2-b5-
ظَلَمَهُ,
inf. n.
ظُلْمٌ [or
ظَلْمٌ?], also means
He imposed
upon him a thing that was above his power, or
ability.
(TA.) And
يُظْلَمُ He is asked for a thing that is
above his power, or
ability. (S.) ―
2-b6- And one
says,
ظَلَمَ البَعِيرَ (tropical:)
He slaughtered the camel without disease. (S, K, TA.) And
ظُلِمَتِ النَّاقَةُ
(assumed tropical:)
The she-camel was slaughtered without disease:
or
was covered without her desiring the stallion.
(M.) And
ظَلَمَ الحِمَارُ الأَتَانَ (tropical:)
The he-ass leaped
the she-ass (K, TA)
before her time: (TA:) or
when she was pregnant: (K, TA:) so in the A.
(TA.) ―
2-b7- And
ظَلَمَ الوَطْبَ, (S, K,) inf. n.
ظُلْمٌ
[or
ظَلْمٌ?], (S,) (tropical:)
He gave to drink of the milk of
his skin before its becoming thick (S, K, TA)
and
its butter's coming forth. (TA. [And the like is
said in the T and M.]) And
ظَلَمَ القَوْمَ (assumed tropical:)
He
gave to drink to the people, or
party, (T, M, K,)
milk before it had attained to maturity, (T, K,)
as related on the authority of A 'Obeyd, (T,) or
[
milk such as is termed]
ظَلِيمَة: (M:) but this is
a mistake: it is related on the authority of
Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà [i. e. Th] and AHeyth that
one says,
ظَلَمْتُ السِّقَآءَ, and
اللَّبَنَ, meaning
I
drank, or
gave to drink, what was in the skin,
and
the milk, before its attaining to maturity and
the extracting of its butter: accord. to ISk, one
says,
ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِىَ القَوْمَ, [but I think that it is
correctly
ظَلَمْتُ وَطْبِى لِلْقَومِ, agreeably with a
verse cited in the T and M,] meaning
I gave to
drink [
to the people, or
party,]
the contents of my
milk-skin before the thickening thereof. (T.)
And
ظَلَمْتُهُ is said of anything as meaning (assumed tropical:)
I
did it hastily, or
hurriedly, before its proper time,
or
season. (M, TA.) ―
2-b8-
ظَلَمْتُ الحَوْضَ means
(assumed tropical:)
I made the watering-trough in a place in which
watering-troughs should not be made. (ISk, T.)
And
ظَلَمَ الأَرْضَ means (tropical:)
He dug the ground in
what was not the place of digging: (M, K, TA:)
or
when it had not been dug before. (M.) And,
said of a torrent, (assumed tropical:)
It furrowed the earth in a
place that was not furrowed. (T.) And
ظَلَمَ
البِطَاحَ, said of a torrent, (tropical:)
It reached the بطاح
[or
wide water-courses containing fine, or
broken,
pebbles, &c.],
not having reached them before.
(A, TA.) And
ظَلَمَ الوَادِى (tropical:)
The water of the
valley reached a place that it had not reached
before. (Fr, T, S, K, TA.) ―
2-b9- When men have
added upon the grave other than its own earth,
لَا تَظْلِمُوا (tropical:) [
Transgress not ye the proper limit]
is said to them. (TA.) ―
2-b10- And one says,
لَا
تَظْلِمْ وَضَحَ الطَّرِيقِ (assumed tropical:)
Turn not thou from the
main part, or
the beaten track, of the road.
(M.) And
لَا تَظْلِمْ عَنْهُ شَيْئَا (assumed tropical:)
Turn not thou
from it at all. (T.) And
لَزِمَ الطَّرِيقَ فَلَمْ يَظْلِمْهُ
(assumed tropical:) [
He kept to the road, and]
did not turn from it
to the right and left. (TA.) ―
2-b11- And
مَا ظَلَمَكَ
أَنْ تَفْعَلَ (T, K, TA) (tropical:)
What has prevented thy
doing (K, TA) such a thing? (TA.) A man
complained to Abu-l-Jarráh of his suffering
indigestion from food that he had eaten, and he
said to him,
مَا ظَلَمَكَ أَنْ تَقِىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [
What has
prevented thy vomiting?]. (Fr, T.) And one
says,
مَا ظَلَمَكَ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:)
What has prevented
thee from such a thing? (T.) Respecting the
saying
قَالَ بَلَى يَا مَىَّ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ
[addressed by a man to a woman who had invited him to visit her], Fr says, they say that the
meaning is
حَقًّا [
Truly, or
in truth; i. e.
He
said, Yes, O Meiya, truly, or
in truth, I will
visit thee]; and it is a prov.; (T;) or
اليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ,
or
بَلَى وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ, is a prov.; (Meyd;) and thus
it was expl. by IAar, as used in the manner of
an oath: but Fr says, in my opinion the meaning
is,
and a day in which is a cause of prevention
shall not prevent me: [so that the words of the
hemistich above may be rendered,
he said, Yes,
O Meiya, though the day present an obstacle,
for I will overcome every obstacle]: (T:)
accord. to Kr,
قَدِمَ فُلَانٌ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَ means
Such
a one came truly, or
in truth: [or it may be
rendered
such a one came though the day presented an obstacle:] but in the saying
إِنَّ الفِرَاقَ اليَوْمَ وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمْ
the meaning is said by some to be
وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَمَنَا
[i. e.
Verily separation is to-day, and the day has
wronged (us)]: or, as some say,
ظلم here means,
has put the thing in a wrong place: (M:)
accord. to ISk, the phrase
وَاليَوْمُ ظَلَم means
[
And, or
but, or
though,]
the day has put the
affair in a wrong place. (T.) [See also Freytag's
Arab. Prov. ii. 911.] ＝
1-A2-
ظَلِمَ, said of the night:
see 4.