المزمل
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One • makkah • 20 Verses
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يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْمُزَّمِّلُ
Important Words:
المزمل (wrapped in mantle) is derived from the root زمل which means, he ran and went along quickly. زمله means, he bore or carried it, namely, a load.
زمله علی البعیر means, be made him to ride behind him on the camel so as to counterbalance him. زمله فی ثوبه means, he wrapped him in his garment. تزمل means, he wrapped himself. مزمل (ordinarily متزمل) means, a man wrapped in his garments; one bearing a heavy responsibility (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In view of different significations of the word مزمل the verse has been variously interpreted. The simple explanation is the one given in Bukhari. After his first spiritual experience when the angel of God came to the Holy Prophet with Divine revelation he rushed home very much frightened. The fright was quite natural because the experience was quite novel. The Prophet asked to be wrapped in a mantle. As wrapping also implies the sense of joining together and uniting, the meaning of the verse may be something like this, "O thou who art to unite the nations of the world under one banner!" The Holy Prophet has been described in the Hadith as الحاشر i.e. the Joiner and Uniter of the nations of the world (Bukhari, Kitab Manaqibun-Nabi).
Applying the other root meanings of زمل given under Important Words, it may be said: (1) That the Holy Prophet is described in the verse as one who has to go a long distance on the road to awaken humanity to the realization of its high destiny, and therefore he has to run fast i.e. work hard, incessantly and fast. (2) That he is one who is to carry a heavy load, a very great responsibility of preaching the Divine Message to the world. (3) That the Holy Prophet may have been reminded of his onerous task of preparing a community of God-fearing followers, who, imbued with the same noble ideals and fired with the same unflagging zeal as himself, should help him to convey to mankind the Message of Islam. زمل also means to make another person ride behind oneself on the camel so as to maintain balance. It is to the onerous duties and responsibilities of the Holy Prophet and to his high status as a Divine teacher that in reality reference has been made in the verse under comment, and not to his being wrapped in his mantle. From the time be received this revelation, the Holy Prophet’s life was not his own. It became dedicated to God and mankind.
Zamala-hu means, he carried him behind his back. Zammala, besides the meaning given in the text, means, he ran and went along quickly. Tazammala, Izzammala or Izdamala means, he wrapped himself; he bore, or carried it, namely a load at one time. Muzzammil (or Mutazammil) means, a man wrapped in his garments; one bearing a heavy responsibility (Aqrab, Qadir, Ma‘ani). After his first spiritual experience when the angel of God came to the Holy Prophet with Divine revelation in the Cave Hira’, he rushed home very much frightened. The fright was quite natural because the experience was quite novel. The Holy Prophet asked to be wrapped up in a mantle. As wrapping up also implies the sense of joining together and uniting, the meaning of the verse may be something like this, 'O thou who hast been commissioned to unite all the nations of the world under one banner!' The Holy Prophet has been described in the Hadith as Al-Hashir, i.e. joiner and uniter of t
قُمِ ٱلَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
نِّصْفَهُۥٓ أَوِ ٱنقُصْ مِنْهُ قَلِيلًا
أَوْ زِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَتِّلِ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ تَرْتِيلًا
17:107; 25:33.
Important Words:
رتل (recite) is derived from رتل (ratila). They say رتل الشیء i.e. the thing was or became well arranged. رتل الثغیر means, the front teeth were or became even in their growth or separated one from another; were well set together and were white and lustrous. رتل الکلام (rattala) means, he put together and arranged well the component parts of the speech and made it distinct. ترتیل in its original sense relates to the teeth, signifying their being separated one from the other, and when used with regard to a speech it signifies, putting together and arranging well its component parts and making it distinct. رتلت القرآنmeans, I recited the Quran in a leisurely manner, deliberately, distinctly and well (Lane & Aqrab).
17:107; 25:33.
إِنَّا سَنُلْقِى عَلَيْكَ قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا
Commentary:
قولا ثقیلا may have any one of the following meanings: (a) The Quran is pregnant with the highest import. (b) It is too heavy to be displaced or dislocated i.e. the Quranic Teaching will continue to guide mankind and no other teaching would ever take its place or improve upon it. (c) No word or letter of the Quran could be changed, altered or amended. (d) The Quran will break all opposition and (e) no single book or a collection of books could encompass all the knowledge contained in it. Briefly, the collective and concerted effort of all mankind will not be able to produce a Book like the Quran.
According to an oft-quoted hadith, the Holy Prophet, whenever a revelation descended upon him, went into a trance and felt a peculiar sensation so that even on an extremely cold day big drops of sweat fell from his forehead and he felt a dead weight of his body (Bukhari). The Quranic revelation being "a weighty word", his paroxysm was due to this sensation.
The expression, 'a weighty Word,' may signify: 'The Quranic teaching is pregnant with the highest import. It is too weighty to be displaced or dislocated.' No word or letter of the Qur’an can be changed, altered or amended. According to an oft-quoted Hadith, whenever a revelation descended upon the Holy Prophet, he went into a trance and felt a peculiar sensation so that even on an extremely cold day large drops of sweat fell from his forehead and he felt a dead-weight of his body (Bukhari). The Quranic revelation being 'a weighty Word,' the Holy Prophet’s paroxysm was due to this sensation.
إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ ٱلَّيْلِ هِىَ أَشَدُّ وَطْـًٔا وَأَقْوَمُ قِيلًا
Important Words:
وطأ (subduing) is derived from وطیء. They say وطیء الشیء i.e. he trod under foot the thing. وطیء الفرس means, he mounted the horse. وطیء أرض عدوہ means, he entered the enemy’s land (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
Getting up in the night for Prayer is a potent means of subduing one’s self and of bringing under effective control one’s evil propensities and inclinations. It is a proven experience of all spiritual wayfarers and holy men that nothing conduces to one’s spiritual development so much as Prayers at night. In the stillness and solitude of night, a peculiar sort of peace prevails and all nature is quiet, and man, being all alone with his Creator, enjoys special communion with Him, and becomes illumined with a special heavenly light which he imparts to others. The time is eminently suited for man to develop strength of character and to make his speech sane, solid and sound. Effective speech and infinite capacity for hard work are two very necessary qualifications for a Reformer to succeed in his mission, Prayer at night helps in the development of these two qualities. Having acquired control over one’s mind and tongue one comes to exercise control over others. This is the significance of the verse under comment. The verse may also mean that Night Prayer causes the actions of man to correspond to his words, which constitutes another sure sign of the strength of his character and the sincerity of his heart.
Getting up at night for Prayer is a potent means of subduing one’s self and bringing under effective control one’s evil propensities and inclinations. It is the proved experience of all holy men of God that nothing conduces to one’s spiritual development so much as Prayer at night. In the stillness and solitude of night a peculiar sort of peace prevails and all nature is quiet, and man, being all alone with his Creator, enjoys special communion with Him and becomes illumined with a special heavenly light which he imparts to others. The time is eminently suited for one to develop strength of character and to make one’s speech sane, solid and sound. Effective speech and infinite capacity for hard work are two very necessary qualifications for a Reformer in order to succeed in his mission. Prayer at night helps in the development of these two qualities. Having acquired control over one’s mind and tongue one comes to exercise control over others.
إِنَّ لَكَ فِى ٱلنَّهَارِ سَبْحًا طَوِيلًا
Important Words:
سبحاً (long chain of engagements) is derived from سبح. They say سبح فی الماء i.e. he swam in the water and took pleasure in it. سبح فی الارض means, he went far into the land. سبح فی حوائجه means, he busied himself in the accomplishment of his needs. سبح(sabhun) also signifies the running of a horse in which the forelegs are stretched forth well as are the arms of a man in swimming; being quick or swift (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in the verse is to the multifarious duties of the Holy Prophet which he performed with alacrity and took pleasure in doing them. As Head of a newly-established Republic, surrounded on all sides by bitter foes and beset with the plots and machinations of internal enemies, and as a Divine teacher and Reformer who had to prepare a community, which was unacquainted with even the rudiments of knowledge, to become the leaders of nations in civilization and culture, the Prophet’s task was indeed very difficult, which can better be imagined than described, but which he performed with a success which has baffled the world.
Reference in the verse is to the multifarious duties of the Holy Prophet which he performed with alacrity and in doing which he took great pleasure; this being the significance of the word Sabhan (Lane).
وَٱذْكُرِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلْ إِلَيْهِ تَبْتِيلًا
Important Words:
تبتل (devote) is derived from بتل (battala). They say بتله i.e. he severed it or separated it from another thing. بتل الی الله means, he detached himself from worldly things and devoted himself exclusively and sincerely to the service of God. بتول means, a woman detached from worldly things and entirely devoted to God (Lane & Aqrab).
Commentary:
In this verse the Holy Prophet is told that he could accomplish his heavy task of reforming a corrupt community and preparing it for the leadership of the world by devoting himself completely to God.
رَّبُّ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ وَٱلْمَغْرِبِ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَٱتَّخِذْهُ وَكِيلًا
26:29; 37:6.
Commentary:
The Holy Prophet is told here again that while preaching his divine mission he will meet with bitter opposition and persecution. Therefore, he should, on the one hand, put his full trust in God, the Lord of the East and the West, and, on the other, bear with patience and fortitude the jibes, opposition and persecution of his enemies.
26:29; 37:6.
وَٱصْبِرْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَٱهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًا جَمِيلًا
وَذَرْنِى وَٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ أُو۟لِى ٱلنَّعْمَةِ وَمَهِّلْهُمْ قَلِيلًا
68:45; 74:12.
إِنَّ لَدَيْنَآ أَنكَالًا وَجَحِيمًا
Important Words:
أنکالا (fetters) is the plural of نکل which means, fetter, chain, bracelet, necklace; a kind of bridle. نکل بفلان means, he inflicted upon him such a punishment as to make him an example for others (Aqrab).
وَطَعَامًا ذَا غُصَّةٍ وَعَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
Important Words:
غصة (choking) is derived from غص. They say غص بالغیظ i.e. he was or became choked with wrath. غص المجلس بأھله means, the sitting place became choked with people. غص also means, he became grieved or disquieted in mind. غصة means, a thing by which one is choked; choking wrath or rage; grief or disquietude of mind (Lane & Aqrab).
يَوْمَ تَرْجُفُ ٱلْأَرْضُ وَٱلْجِبَالُ وَكَانَتِ ٱلْجِبَالُ كَثِيبًا مَّهِيلًا
56:5-6; 79:7.
Important Words:
کثیباً is derived from کثب. They say کثب التراب i.e. he scattered dust part over part. کثیب means, a sandhill heaped up by the wind (Lane).
مھیلا (crumbling) is derived from ھال. They say ھال علیه التراب i.e. he put the earth over it. الھیل which is infinitive noun means, sand that does not remain steady in its place. مھیل means, running sand. کثیب مھیل means, a crumbling sandhill (Aqrab).
Commentary:
The reference in the verse is to the Day of Resurrection, or to the Day of the Fall of Mecca, or to any calamitous day when catastrophic changes take place and deeply-rooted institutions totter and fall and very powerful and big and influential people are blown away like chaff before the wind.
56:5, 6; 79:7.
إِنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْكُمْ رَسُولًا شَٰهِدًا عَلَيْكُمْ كَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ رَسُولًا
33:46; 48:9.
Commentary:
The reference in the verse is to the following Biblical prophecy about the appearance among the Ishmaelites of a great Prophet of God like unto Moses:
"I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put My word in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto My words which he shall speak in My name, I will require it of him" (Deut. 18:18-19).
33:46; 48:9.
The verse refers to the biblical prophecy: 'I will raise them up a Prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee, and will put My word in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto My words which he shall speak in My name, I will require it of him' (Deut. 18: 18, 19).
فَعَصَىٰ فِرْعَوْنُ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَأَخَذْنَٰهُ أَخْذًا وَبِيلًا
20:79; 26:67; 28:41.
20:79; 26:67; 28:41.
فَكَيْفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِن كَفَرْتُمْ يَوْمًا يَجْعَلُ ٱلْوِلْدَٰنَ شِيبًا
Commentary:
"Turning children grey-headed" in the present verse, "grinding asunder of the heaven" in the next, "rolling up of heaven" in 21:105, and similar expressions used in the Quran (81:12; 82:2 & 84:2) are metaphors for most calamitous happenings which bring about disastrous changes. The reference in this and in the next verse and also in verse 15 above is to the Day of Resurrection or the Day of the Fall of Mecca. See also v. 15.
'Turn children grey-headed' in the present verse, 'being rent asunder of the heaven' in the next, 'rolling up of heaven' in 21:105, and similar other expressions used in the Qur’an (82:2 & 84:2) are metaphors for most calamitous happenings which bring about disastrous changes.
ٱلسَّمَآءُ مُنفَطِرٌۢ بِهِۦ ۚ كَانَ وَعْدُهُۥ مَفْعُولًا
82:2.
Commentary:
The promise referred to in the verse was the total defeat and destruction of the forces of evil followed by the triumph of Islam which was fully manifested in the Fall of Mecca, when the old corrupt order died and from its ruins emerged a new and better order. This may be the meaning of the words, "the heaven will be rent asunder."